青少年脊柱侧弯之忧浮出水面******
对于不少家长来说,显而易见的近视、肥胖问题受关注较多,而对另一个隐匿性较强的身体危害却关注不多,那就是青少年脊柱侧弯问题。
自2019年以来,山东体育学院坚持开展青少年脊柱侧弯筛查与科普志愿服务项目,每年筛查大约1万名青少年学生。期间发现,对脊柱侧弯不了解、甚至刻意回避这一问题的家长不在少数。
山东体育学院体育科学研究院执行院长、山东省青少年脊柱健康促进中心主任田雪文近日向中青报·中青网记者介绍,大约3%至5%的青少年存在脊柱侧弯问题,但很多家长直到孩子的脊柱侧弯已经到了较为严重的程度才会有所察觉。严重的脊柱侧弯将给孩子的身体健康造成极大危害,这既体现在生理上,即压迫、挤占心脏、胃肠等脏器的发育空间,影响这些脏器的功能。同时,也体现在心理上,身姿不正的孩子往往会有自卑感。
孩子的不良坐姿习惯以及在参与一些可能会造成脊柱侧弯的运动时缺乏预防措施,都会给孩子带来脊柱侧弯问题。田雪文特别提到,近年来,很多家长热衷于让孩子,特别是女孩,学习舞蹈,但因可能存在的训练不科学和预防措施不足的问题,不规范的舞蹈训练导致孩子出现脊柱侧弯的案例也越来越多。此外,一些单侧运动也可能给孩子带来脊柱侧弯的问题。记者之前在采访北京青少年冰球运动时就了解到,由于身体长期单侧发力,青少年冰球选手较容易发生脊柱侧弯。这一现象在青少年长期参加其他单侧运动(如皮划艇、击剑、网球等)时也较为普遍。
早在2019年之前,通过设立于山东体育学院的山东学生体质监测中心每年进行的大量学生体质测试工作,田雪文发现,青少年脊柱侧弯问题日益突出。因此,山东体育学院发起了青少年脊柱侧弯筛查与科普志愿服务项目。一方面与学校合作,面向广大青少年开展脊柱侧弯的早筛查、早发现,另一方面,通过向学生、家长、学校科普脊柱侧弯相关知识,提醒学生、家长关注和预防脊柱侧弯。
田雪文回忆,早期进行学生脊柱侧弯的筛查工作时,甚至遇到一些家长对此有误解。由于脊柱侧弯的检查需要学生脱去上衣,一些家长对此非常抵触,这主要还是因为家长们对脊柱侧弯及预防缺乏了解。
田雪文表示,根据筛查情况看,脊柱侧弯多发于10至15岁的青少年,这也是孩子身体发育的一个高峰期。脊柱侧弯早发现,可以通过脊柱保健操等运动手段进行干预,使孩子的脊柱侧弯控制在较轻范围内,使其尽可能不对身体健康产生危害。而一旦错过早发现早干预的阶段,脊柱侧弯会随着孩子的身体发育不断加重,当脊柱侧弯已经到了较为严重的程度,就只能进行手术治疗,这无疑将大大增加孩子的痛苦。
对于进行舞蹈训练和长期参与单侧运动的青少年来说,家长更有必要关注孩子的脊柱侧弯问题和加强预防措施。北京一名冰球教练建议,孩子在参与单侧运动之余,应积极参与一些均衡性运动,如游泳、跑步、体操训练、骑自行车等,以促进身体各部位的全面锻炼、平衡发展。
在开展青少年脊柱侧弯筛查与科普志愿服务项目的3年多时间里,田雪文与团队的30多名师生欣慰地发现,随着家长们对脊柱侧弯的了解程度越来越深,他们也会对脊柱侧弯的早筛查、早干预工作越来越关注和支持。从整个社会来说,对青少年脊柱侧弯的问题也越来越重视。2022年,山东省教育厅在山东体育学院正式设立了山东省青少年脊柱健康促进中心。青少年脊柱侧弯筛查与科普志愿服务项目,也入选了国家体育总局群体司组织开展的2022年全民健身志愿服务项目库。
青少年脊柱侧弯的发病初期隐匿性较强,却是干预、治疗的黄金期。但目前,国内大多数家长对脊柱侧弯仍缺乏认知和判断,大规模的青少年脊柱侧弯筛查就显得十分重要。田雪文介绍,从山东来说,今年预计对青少年(中小学生)进行脊柱侧弯的筛查人数将从之前的每年1万人增加到5至10万人。并通过制作《青少年脊柱健康保健操》《体态瑜伽还你挺拔身姿》《趣味健身操》《青少年体适能》《极简十式太极拳》《八段锦》等视频,向广大家长和学生传播脊柱健康的科普知识和训练方法。
中青报·中青网记者 慈鑫 来源:中国青年报
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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